Renewable energy technology has been split into two camps since it became a reality around the turn of the century.
On the one hand there are the passionate environmental believers for
whom the inflated subsidies were an irrelevance in the face of saving
our planet, and on the other were naysayers for whom the arguments about
global warming were a plot by the far left to raise taxes or run some
kind of tree-hugging environmental agenda at the expense of business and
consumers.
Neither polarized position was fair, of course, and the quiet majority
in the middle have watched the technologies become progressively more
efficient and costs fall dramatically while the extremes of global
warming horror stories have been discredited, but the hard science of
gradually rising carbon levels has been widely accepted.
Who Cares Why The Temperature is Rising?
In the process, a wider acceptance has gained ground that global
temperatures really are rising and whether it is part of a natural cycle
or man-made is not a risk we can afford to take. Ultimately, action to
reduce carbon emissions will be cheaper than many possible downside
scenarios if left unchecked and most people would accept we are making a
mess of our environment and really should behave more responsibly.
Meanwhile, politicians have been plowing our taxpayer money into
supporting wind, solar and a number of other “renewable” technologies,
with some degree of success. Costs for the major energy sources — solar
and wind — have fallen, partly as a result of technology improvements
and partly due to economies of scale, to the point now where private
firms are signing up to invest in major wind projects for a tariff of
just $100 per MegWatt/Hour (€90 per mw/h). Indeed, in Europe all the
extra power capacity added since the mid ’90s has been renewable.
(Click to enlarge)
Source: Telegraph Newspaper
The biggest hurdle renewables now have to overcome is not the cost of
production, but the curse of intermittency. Where does the power come
from when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?
The Cost of Decommissioning
Up to now, that has required the maintenance (and, indeed, here in the
U.K., the planned investment in) baseload power capacity. Sometimes this
has meant extending the life of aging nuclear power plants and
sometimes new gas-fired plants which have greater flexibility to be
turned on and off but which have a carbon cost of their own.Related: Oil Prices Rally Into The Weekend On Flurry Of Bullish News
In the U.K., a fierce debate has been going on for several years about
the replacement of aging nuclear power plants such as Hinckley Point in
Somerset, England and Bradwell at the mouth of the River Blackwater in
Essex at a huge capital cost. A capital cost that has risen dramatically
at every reevaluation and which can only be supported by a massive
guaranteed strike price of $120 per mw/h (£92.50 per mw/h) for 35 years.
Worse, that figure gets adjusted for inflation and is already looking
more like $125.44 (£97) per mw/h, and rising. Whether recognition of the
progress energy storage is making and the transformational impact a
major breakthrough could have is influencing the British government’s
announcement this month that it is undertaking a review of whether to go
ahead or not on the nuclear projects is unclear, but it certainly
raises questions as to why would you commit to such a high strike price
for 35 years if the technology is likely to be totally uneconomic by the
time it even starts generating electricity?
Energy Storage
Efficient and cost-effective energy storage could allow intermittent
power sources such as renewables to play a baseload role in energy
delivery. It has been the holy grail of renewable energy ever since the
technology began to take off, but lack of cost-effective, efficient
technology has held the whole sector back. The U.S. government is not
alone in recognizing this, but it is leading the way in research and
development to find solutions.
According to the Telegraph,
the U.S. Department of Energy is funding 75 projects developing
electricity storage, funding research at Harvard, MIT, Stanford, and the
elite Lawrence Livermore and Oak Ridge national labs in a bid for
achieve a breakthrough. Many of these projects can be tracked at the
Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy website (ARPA-E).
There are plans for hydrogen bromide, zinc-air batteries, storage in
molten glass, next-generation flywheels, to name but a few with many
claiming “drastic improvements” that can slash storage costs by 80–90
percent. In reality, most will not see the light of day, but that is the
nature of cutting edge hard science. You have to kiss many frogs before
you find your prince.
The potential for industry is huge, a Mckinsey estimate claims that the
energy storage market will grow a hundredfold to $90 billion a year by
2025 with as yet unforeseen potential for the metals industry, depending
on which technologies prove to be the most successful. If electric
vehicles finally begin to gain some sales traction maybe a low-carbon
future really is attainable at acceptable cost.
By Stuart Burns via AgMetalMiner
