由一個極簡單的計劃開始
曾經收到一位網友pm,講述他一個投資想法。若你未有一個投資計劃,仍處於「投資只為賺點外快」的階段,甚至還未開始投資,值得了解一下。
網友(一位投資初哥):
止凡兄你好,小弟早前剛開始看你的blog與學習理財投資,以財務自由為最終目標。我近期想計劃一個長期投資,希望自己與父母能提早退休。這計劃主要每月定額少量投資,望到老年或中年有足夠被動收入以維持生活質素。
思前想後,我決定研究公用股,一來它們與政府有合約保證,回報穩定。二來不少公用股也涉足海外市場,將來或有一定發展潛力。我製作了一個excel檔,當中我以每月$2000(每年$24000)為例,發現中電(00002)股息回報最好。當然只利用了昔日數據,亦假設了其他因素不變。
雖然起初回報不多,但到數年後開始見股息威力,而且還未計及股價上升與股息再投入的威力。這預期讓我滿意,想問這種計算與思維是否正確?
止凡意見
當時我也看了這位網友的excel檔,亦給了回覆。感覺上,他的excel計算非常簡單,只是些月供股票的公式,投資實戰當然複雜得多,單是每月定額所買得股數亦會受股價上落而影響,變數不少。
網友於excel內比較了好幾隻公用股,包括中電、港燈(02638)、港鐵(00066)、煤氣(00003)等,比較它們過去的股息回報,因而得出中電股息回報最好的結論。然而,雖然過去的數據是很好的參考,但不要忘記當預測未來的盈利或股息時,過去的盈利能力有多少會出現變化。
例如,中電、港燈與政府簽定的合約,每五年就會被檢討一次。以前曾以13.5%作為准許利潤,後來減為9.99%,如今只得8%。這個准許利潤正是它們的盈利能力來源,這數字在變化,投資者拿過去五年、十年的數字來比較,未必太準確。
談到公用股,網友把一籮公用股集起來比較一番,似乎未有好好掌握及了解它們各自的生意模式。事實上,每一家都有著不同的模式。例如中電、港燈靠利潤管制合約,中電有海外業務部分,而港燈則似一隻本地REITS一般派息。煤氣則未受政府規管,卻壟斷了市場,亦有一部分生意來自內地天燃氣業務。至於港鐵,車費收入算是公用部分,但不少盈利來自物業投資,與地產息息相關。
因此,實際投資絕對比網友的認知更複雜。不過,網友先定了這個計劃,也是一個好開始。執行計劃過程時,一面增長財商,一面優化,比無計劃方向而炒炒賣賣的散戶好得多。
文章連結:經濟通
推介影片:https://youtu.be/4AxbA0AJ3Tc
https://www.cpleung826.com/2022/09/blog-post_20.html
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