內房、物管未來去向
與市場先生zoom討論,他最後提到兩個板塊,內房與物管。它們自2017、2018年開始都算風光過,有段時間市場先生也集中分享了不少有關物管股的分析,今天他又如何看待這兩個板塊呢?
過去內房高股東回報率的原因
先談到內房以前的光景,曾經內房頗為吸引的主因是其股東回報率(ROE)相當高,整個行業普偏超過30%。一般來說,股東回報率高低取決於三個因素,第一是利潤率,第二是槓桿,第三是周轉率。
過去內房主要有兩種發展模式,一種是「囤地模式」,即買入地皮後等地價升值才慢慢發展。香港地產發展商大多採取這種模式,所以香港地產發展商的利潤率非常高。但囤地模式的壞處是發展慢,而且需要低資金成本,否則會被資金成本蠶食利潤。香港地產發展商財務非常好,借貸少,現金足,所以有能力以囤地模式發展。
第二種模式是「快周轉模式」,多數內房企業會採用這種模式,主因是它們的資金成本高,所以需要貨如輪轉。以這種模式發展地皮,要發展快,就要高槓桿,由於借貸成本高,就要資金回籠快。因此,內房企業平均一年使用同一筆錢可以開發兩至三個項目,造出高股東回報率的效果。
自恒大事件後起了變化
快周轉模式,當中關鍵是利用預售把資金快速回籠。然而,自從恒大(03333)事件後,很多地方政府都害怕預售後出現爛尾情況,因而會把內房企業的預售款扣起。資金被鎖著了,自然不能開發下一個項目,快周轉模式被壓停了。
加上,本來不少內房公司以「債冚債」的方式發展,還債與供應商出糧等一切皆旨意預售款資金回籠以達成。但資金突然被套牢,出現現金流所衍生的問題,如債務到期、供應商停工等。這樣發展下去,如此情況,民企內房股的前景相當暗淡。唯一受益的或許是國企,因為它們有母公司支持,未必出現太大的資金問題。
物管要看富爸爸
物管與內房關係密切,傳統上物管的收入結構有60%來自基礎物管,20%來自業主增值服務,20%來自非業主增值服務。內房企業可以是物管的母公司或其他開發商。無論如何,開發商影響著物管的基礎物管與非業主增值服務的生意,即其80%收入來源,物管的富爸爸內房企業無運行,物管股都難以走運。
物管的未來增長可能需要靠收購,這代表從前的「富爸爸」與輕資產邏輯等概念都沒有了,整個板塊都變質,不能像以前般輝煌。市場先生最後提到,物管算是風光了好幾年了,自2018年碧桂園服務(06098)上市,至2021年完蛋,通常每個板塊風光兩三年,算差不多了。
文章連結:經濟通
相關影片:https://youtu.be/jAEI2isZsbw
https://www.cpleung826.com/2022/01/blog-post_25.html
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